PROJMGNT 7047 - Systems Fundamentals
North Terrace Campus - Trimester 2 - 2017
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General Course Information
Course Details
Course Code PROJMGNT 7047 Course Systems Fundamentals Coordinating Unit Entrepreneurship, Commercialisation & Innov Centre Term Trimester 2 Level Postgraduate Coursework Location/s North Terrace Campus Units 3 Contact Intensive: 36 to 40 hours Available for Study Abroad and Exchange Y Assessment Assignments, reports Course Staff
Course Coordinator: Associate Professor Indra Gunawan
Program Director Contact Details:
Project Management
Name: Assoc. Prof. Indra Gunawan
Phone: indra.gunawan@adelaide.edu.au
Teaching staff
Semester 1, Trimester 1
Name: Professor Stephen Cook
BTech (UniSA), MSc (Kent, UK), GradDip (UniSA), PhD (City, UK), CEng, FIET, FIEAust, CPEng, INCOSE Fellow, NER
Short Bio:Prof Stephen Cook has had a varied career that commenced with ten years in the telecommunications and aerospace industries in the UK and Australia, working as a design engineer and technical manager. Over that period he designed 13 products or systems that were sold around the world, some in high volume.
He subsequently joined the Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO) rising to Research Leader Military Information Networks in 1994 responsible for the management and scientific leadership of 70 research staff. In 1997 he was seconded to the University of South Australia where he was appointed Professor of Systems Engineering and led a variety of research concentrations in that discipline culminating in a five-year appointment as the founding Director of the Defence and Systems Institute. Over his 17 years at UniSA, he pursued a wide span of research interests including systems mathematical modelling, systems engineering of C2 systems, systems approaches for defence capability development, systems of systems engineering, and developing theoretical frameworks to support the coherent teaching of systems engineering. He has supervised 23 successful research students, mostly PhDs. At UniSA, Prof Cook was responsible for overseeing the introduction of several master’s degrees in systems engineering and project management and actively taught in all of these.
In 2014 Prof Cook left UniSA and became the Principal of the consulting firm Creative Systems Engineering that undertakes management consulting in systems engineering and related disciplines primarily in the defence sector. He retains his interests in academic matters through his adjunct professorships at the 成人大片, the University of South Australia and Loughborough University, UK.
Prof Cook is listed in Who’s Who in Australia, Who’s Who in Science and Engineering (USA) and Who’s Who in the World for his contributions to systems engineering. He has also received recognition through a variety of awards such as the Secretary of Defence’s Award for Achievement, Engineers Australia Engineering Excellence Award for Research, best paper awards, and his election to the small group of INCOSE Fellows and Full Members of the Omega Alpha Association honour society in systems engineering. He is also a Fellow of Engineers Australia, a Fellow of the IET (UK), and is a Past President of the Systems Engineering Society of Australia.
Email: stephen.cook@adelaide.edu.au
Trimester 2
Name: Dr Barbara Rapaport
Short Bio:
Barbara Rapaport has extensive experience living and working in Israel, Poland and Australia. She holds a Bachelor Degree of Banking and International Finance from Flinders University, and a Masters Degree of Project Management from Adelaide University, and a PhD from Adelaide University (recently completed and nominated for a Deans' Commendation Award).
She held various roles in international trade, project and finance environments and her interests cover international relations, regional development, globalization, social justice and welfare. She speaks and communicates in English, Hebrew, Russian, Polish and basic Lithuanian.
Email: barbara.rapaport@adelaide.edu.auCourse Timetable
The full timetable of all activities for this course can be accessed from .
Opening intensive:
Tuesday 23rd and Wednesday 24th May 2017
9am to 6pm
Napier, 210, Teaching Room
Closing intensive:
Tuesday 11th and Wednesday 12th July 2017
9am to 6pm
Napier, 210, Teaching Room -
Learning Outcomes
Course Learning Outcomes
On successful completion of this course, students will be able to:
1 Identify what a complex system is and how they differ from simple and complicated systems; 2 Use key aspects of complex systems and the benefits of particular approaches in managing complexity; 3 Recognise whether a proposed system or project should be primarily in a controlled space or in the innovation space on the edge of chaos in order to gain the benefits; 4 Recognise the benefits of system dynamics and its use in identifying leverage points in systems; 5 Apply these advanced and uncommon skills to address societal problems; 6 Investigate international best practice. University Graduate Attributes
This course will provide students with an opportunity to develop the Graduate Attribute(s) specified below:
University Graduate Attribute Course Learning Outcome(s) Deep discipline knowledge
- informed and infused by cutting edge research, scaffolded throughout their program of studies
- acquired from personal interaction with research active educators, from year 1
- accredited or validated against national or international standards (for relevant programs)
1-3 Critical thinking and problem solving
- steeped in research methods and rigor
- based on empirical evidence and the scientific approach to knowledge development
- demonstrated through appropriate and relevant assessment
1-5 Teamwork and communication skills
- developed from, with, and via the SGDE
- honed through assessment and practice throughout the program of studies
- encouraged and valued in all aspects of learning
1-6 Career and leadership readiness
- technology savvy
- professional and, where relevant, fully accredited
- forward thinking and well informed
- tested and validated by work based experiences
1-6 Intercultural and ethical competency
- adept at operating in other cultures
- comfortable with different nationalities and social contexts
- able to determine and contribute to desirable social outcomes
- demonstrated by study abroad or with an understanding of indigenous knowledges
1-6 Self-awareness and emotional intelligence
- a capacity for self-reflection and a willingness to engage in self-appraisal
- open to objective and constructive feedback from supervisors and peers
- able to negotiate difficult social situations, defuse conflict and engage positively in purposeful debate
1-6 -
Learning Resources
Required Resources
The University’s preferred textbook supplier is Unibooks:
Text book:
There is no text book required for this course.Recommended Resources
Course Notes, Readings and PowerPoint Slides
These are all available electronically for enrolled students by download from MyUni.
Library Resources
Other resources
The 成人大片’s Barr Smith Library provides a range of learning resources including texts, journals, periodicals, magazines, and access to online databases and information services. It also offers a virtual library which is accessible via the University’s website. .
If you are a member of the PMI () you will “gain exclusive access to PMI publications and our global standards*, networking options with our chapters and online communities of practice, and leadership and volunteer opportunities. You’ll also receive discounts on certification exams and renewals, as well as our professional development offerings.” Student membership is USD$40 to join and USD$30 to renew.
* Log in to access complimentary read-only PDFs of all of PMI's published standards or take advantage of discounts on paperback editions
Online Learning
is the 成人大片's online learning environment. It is used to support traditional face-to-face lectures, tutorials and workshops at the University. MyUni provides access to various features including announcements, course materials, discussion boards and assessments for each online course of study. -
Learning & Teaching Activities
Learning & Teaching Modes
This course is offered in blended learning mode with the face-to-face component offered as intensives.Workload
The information below is provided as a guide to assist students in engaging appropriately with the course requirements.
As a guide, a 3 unit course comprises a total of 156 hours work (this includes face-to-face contact, any online components, and self directed study).Learning Activities Summary
This is a draft schedule and session dates are a guide only. The timetable may be changed during the course delivery if necessary.
Intensive
dayContent Readings/Activities 1 Welcome and Introduction
Getting to know each other. Course expectations.Interactive lecture 1. Why learn about systems and complexity?
The rapid, inexorable increase in system complexity; complexity science and systems practices; some example of complex projects. SE as an approach to tackle complexity.Lecture and classroom exercise 2. The rise of systems approaches.
Historical journey through the prevailing worldviews over the last 3000 years and how these reflected and informed the rise of the systems movement and systems approaches to problem solving.Lecture and classroom exercise
Checkland, P. (1999). Systems thinking, systems practice; Soft systems methodology: A 30 year retrospective. Wiley.3. Introduction to complex systems.
Reductionism, General Systems Theory, identifying complex systems. Examples of complex systems.Lecture
Kurtz, C. F., & Snowden, D. J. (2003). The new dynamics of strategy: Sense-making in a complex and complicated world. IBM Systems Journal, 42(3), 462-483.4. Implications of Complex Systems.
Nature of SoS; implications of SoS; requisite variety; examples of complex systemsLecture
Fisher D. A. (2006) An Emergent Perspective on Interoperation in Systems of Systems, CMU/SEI-2006-TR-003, Carnegie Mellon Technical Reports. Available at:2 5. Classifying system challenges
Lecture and class exercise 6. A framework for complex systems ideas
Lecture
Adams, K. M., Hester, P. T., Bradley, J. M., Meyers, T. J., & Keating, C. B. (2014). Systems theory as the foundation for understanding systems. Systems Engineering, 17(1), 112-123.
Cook, S. C., & Ferris, T. L. (2007). Re-脗聬evaluating systems engineering as a framework for tackling systems issues. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 24(2), 169-181.7. Complex systems propositions 1
Emergence, self-organisation, edge of chaos, chaordic systems, double-loop learningLecture and class exercise
Andriani, P. (2011), Complexity and Innovation, in Allen, P, Maguire, S. & McKelvey, B., [Eds], (2011), SAGE Handbook of Complexity and Management, Los Angeles, 454-470;
Andriani, P., & B. McKelvey. (2010). Using Scale-free Theory from Complexity Science to Better Management Risk. Risk Management, An International Journal, 12(1): 54-82.8. Complex systems propositions 2
Fractals, scale-free behaviour, power lawsLecture and class exercise
Andriani, P. & Mckelvey, B., (2011a), Using scale free processes to explain punctuated change in management-relevant phenomena, International Journal of Complexity in Leadership and Management, Vol 1, No 3, 211-249;
Andriani, P. & Mckelvey, B., (2011b), From Skew Distributions to Power Law Science, in Allen, P, Maguire, S. & McKelvey, B., [Eds], (2011), SAGE Handbook of Complexity and Management, Los Angeles, 254-273;3 9. Recap on first Intensive block
Lecture 10. Introduction to methodologies
Lecture 11. Contemporary system engineering
Lecture and class exercise 12. Panarchy & cycles of change
Lecture and class exercise
van Eijnatten, F. M. (2004a). Chaordic Systems Thinking: Some Suggestions for a Complexity Framework to Inform a Learning Organization. The Learning Organization, 11(6), 430-449.13. Soft system methodology
Lecture and class exercise
Checkland, Peter, and Jim Scholes (1990) Soft systems methodology in action. Wiley.
Zhu, Z. (2007). Complexity Science, Systems Thinking and Pragmatic Sensibility. Systems Research and Behavioural Science, 24(4), 445-464.14. Systemic risk
Tiny initiating events
Systemic and cascading risksLecture and class exercise
Bak, P. & Chen, K., (1991), Self-Organised Criticality, Scientific American. January;
Helbing, D. (2013), Globally networked risks and how to respond, Nature, vol. 497, no. 744715. Norman’s Complex System Engineering
Lecture and class exercise
Norman, D. & Kuras, M. (2006) Engineering Complex Systems in Complex Systems (C10) (2006), in Complex Engineered Systems, edited by Dan Braha, Ali Minai and Yaneer Bar-Yam, Springer.4 Assessment 5 – Individual Presentations Students individually present their PowerPoint presentations for Assessment 5. 16. Phase space
Phase space, path history and attractor cagesLecture and class exercise
van Eijnatten, F. M. (2008). A Toolkit for Phase Transitions. Proceedings of European Chaos and Complexity in Organisations Network (ECCON) Annual Meeting, 17-19 October. Bergen-Ann-Zee.17. Evolutionary Learning Labs
Systems dynamics
Leverage points
Tools for complex systemsLecture and class exercise
Bosch, O., C.N. Nam, T. Maeno, & T. Yasui, (2013) Managing Complex Issues through Evolutionary Learning Laboratories, Systems Research and Behavioural Science,18 Complexity Leadership Lecture and class exercise
Meadows, D., (2008), Dancing with Systems, Donella Meadows Institute,19. Course Wrap-up Lecture and class discussion -
Assessment
The University's policy on Assessment for Coursework Programs is based on the following four principles:
- Assessment must encourage and reinforce learning.
- Assessment must enable robust and fair judgements about student performance.
- Assessment practices must be fair and equitable to students and give them the opportunity to demonstrate what they have learned.
- Assessment must maintain academic standards.
Assessment Summary
An overview of the course assessment appears in the following Table. Details appear in the following section:
# Assessment Task Length Weight Due Date/Week Learning Outcomes 1 Individual short report 1,500 words max 15% See MyUni 1-3 2 Individual short report 1,500 words max 15% See MyUni 1-3 3 Group project plan 1 person 5,000 words min
2 people 7,000 words min
3 people 10,000 words min30% See MyUni 1-6 4 Individual report 2,000 words max 30% See MyUni 5 5 Class presentation 5-10 Slides; 3 min presentation 10% See MyUni 1-6 Total 100% Assessment Related Requirements
Students should attend all classes in order to pass the course. There is considerable experiential learning in workshops during the intensive classes that build your knowledge and thus enable you to be successful in this course.
Course results are subject to moderation by the ECIC Board of Examiners
Appropriate use of the Internet in assignments
The purpose of this document is to assist students with appropriate use of the material they have accessed on the Internet in assignments. The Internet is a wonderful source of information and sometimes students are not aware of how to use it properly. For example, a recent case had over 70% of words copied from over 20 other sources. Furthermore, many students think this is the appropriate use of the Internet.
IT IS NOT.
Due to an increasing number of students infringing the University’s Academic Honesty Policy within the Master of Applied Project Management, a more rigorous method of checking assignments is used.
There is a hierarchy of penalties, the lowest of which is the loss of some assignment marks and the student’s name being placed on the Faculty’s Academic Dishonesty Register for six months. This only occurs if I believe this occurred through error. The second level penalty is more significant which is loss of all marks for the assignment and being placed on the University’s Academic Dishonesty Register for the remainder of their time at the University. Even higher penalties can involve the University deciding the student should not graduate. This has occurred in the Master of Project Management.
Appropriate use of the Internet denotes all directly copyied of sections of other reports in "inverted comas", as a quotation, with a citation to the source. To include a group of words without use of inverted commas and without noting where the words came from is an example of academic dishonesty. To submit one's own work from earlier assignments without making reference to the source is also academic dishonesty.
Students may not be aware that the University has use of an international database called Turnitin in which all direct use of other material can be traced.
On a more positive note students need to understand the points made in any paper they access on the Internet and integrate these thoughts into their argument rather than just copying large passages. Of course this takes more work but this is what tertiary education requires and, in the end, make students into better thinkers and more able to express their ideas in their assignments.Assessment Detail
Assessment 1: Individual Assignment 1
Weighting: 15%
Submission Details: Online through MyUni
An electronic copy of this report is required. Preferably any documents created under Excel or Microsoft Project should be included in the Word version of the electronic copy.
Task:
Analyse one of the following examples and report:
1. Why the problem situation complex? (Hint: use the profilers discussed in the course);
2. What are the major challenges that will need to be overcome to achieve a successful outcome?
3. What methodologies, tools and techniques might you use from the set provided in this course to assist in the management of this system? (Reading ahead and use of the literature is encouraged.)
Examples to choose from:
1. An example of a complex system of your own choosing (discuss with the lecturer).
2. Dealing with traffic congestion in a major city;
3. Introduction of the National Broadband Network
4. Addressing climate change across a group of countries;
5. Security at a G20 meeting;
6. The task of the European Central Bank;
7. Pre-disaster preparation by communities;
8. Addressing corruption in trade;
Length and Presentation:
1500 words max in report format.
Criteria by which your assignment will be marked:
Are given in Module 0.
The objective of these questions is for the participant to consider the material supplied and relate it to a real project example. Therefore, evidence of having read and understood the material is important. Marks will be given for the comprehensiveness of the content, evidence of additional reading, and referencing the course readings and other literature.
The word limit is set to ensure you learn how to express yourself concisely; this is an important skill. There will be penalties for exceeding the word limit. Quotations do not count in the words counted.
Assessment 2: Individual Assignment
Weighting: 15%
Submission Details: Online through MyUni
An electronic copy of this report is required. Preferably any documents created under Excel or Microsoft Project should be included in the Word version of the electronic copy.
Task:
1. Why do we study complexity when a reductionist approach offers a simpler alternative?
2. What are the consequences if we do not recognize complexity? Provide two examples to illustrate your points.
3. Comment on the use of systems techniques to address the following problems:
• Acquiring a large tract of land for a new facility.
• Dealing with student plagiarism
In addressing this question:
• Describe the problem context
• Analyse and comment on why the issues is complex
• Discuss your recommended choice of methods to understand the issue better
• Choose tools to manage the issue and describe how you would operate these
• Describe how the project manager exercises governance
Length and Presentation:
1500 words max in report format.
Criteria by which your assignment will be marked:
Are given in Module 0.
The objective of these questions is for the participant to consider the material supplied and relate it to the questions. Therefore, evidence of having read and understood the material is important. Marks will be given for the comprehensiveness of the content, evidence of additional reading, and referencing the course readings and other literature.
The word limit is set to ensure you learn how to express yourself concisely; this is an important skill. There will be penalties for exceeding the word limit. Quotations do not count in the words counted.
In answering these questions try and state principles as well as detail. Just transcribing material is not enough!
Assessment 3: Group project plan
Weighting: 30%
Submission Details: Online through MyUni
An electronic copy of this report is required. The report need only be submitted by one group member but ensure all names are clearly included. Preferably any documents created under Excel or Microsoft Project should be included in the Word version of the electronic copy.
Task:
Form groups and select a complex system problem. (Note: Make sure it conforms to the definition of ‘complex system’ given in this course.)
Describe the system or problem in detail covering political, economic, social, cultural, technological, legal and environmental aspects. Outline the context of the problem including its interactions with external systems and the major characteristics that will impact your choice of methodologies, methods, tools, techniques and processes.
Develop an approach to managing this system or problem using concepts and methodologies taught in this course and other relevant approaches. Prepare the outline of a project plan that describes how you propose to implement improvements to the system of interest in order to achieve your desired outcomes.
Length and Presentation:
Minimum length:
1 person – 5,000 words
2 people – 7,000 words
3 or 4 people – 10,000 words.
Criteria by which your assignment will be marked:
This assignment will be assessed upon how well you are able to present a project plan that meets the requirement defined in the Task (above).
Assessment 4: Individual Assignment
Weighting: 30%
Submission Details: Online through MyUni
An electronic copy of this report is required. Preferably any documents created under Excel or Microsoft Project should be included in the Word version of the electronic copy.
Task:
Reflect on what you have learned from this course by identifying four topic areas and discussing how your newly-acquired knowledge of these areas will help you in dealing with complex system problems.
The idea with this assessment is to choose four concepts (or more if you really want to) from the course such as “how does knowing a system is complex help me”, “systems engineering”, “systemic risk” or “tiny initiating events” and discuss how learning about them has increased you capability to deal with complex problems; particularly the ones you are likely to find in project management. It is useful to illustrate your learning with examples. You can use one example problem context for all four (or more) or a different one for each concept.
So for “how does knowing a system is complex help me” you could use the example of reducing corruption in trade. You could analyse the example problem space with Kurtz and Snowden’s Cynefin framework and show that this is a complex system and from there discuss how knowing this helps you choose an appropriate approach to tackle the problem.
For “systemic risk” you could use the example of global stock markets. You could discuss how a system that comprises national stock markets, all of which are independently regulated, can bring about systemic risk that can lead to a significant reduction in stock prices because of a “tiny initiating event” (such as the possibility of the US raising interest rates by a tiny amount because the economy is improving).
Length and Presentation:
3,000 Words Maximum
Criteria by which your assignment will be marked:
How well you understand each topic and your knowledge of the applicability of each topic to classes to real-world problems situations.
Assessment 5: PowerPoint Presentation
Weighting: 10%
Due Date: Presentation in class
Submission Details: Online through MyUni. The submission of the PowerPoint presentation is all that is required. This is to be submitted after the presentation has been aired to the class and may include corrections as indicated by the lecturer and other class members.
Task:
You are to select any topic from Systems Fundamentals and present a PowerPoint session.
Length and Presentation:
5-10 PowerPoint slides, presentation 3 minutes
Criteria by which your assignment will be marked:
In preparing these presentation slides please consider the following:
- The material must be suitable for presentation to a workplace team meeting in the early stages of initiating and planning a project.
- Focus on what is important, not on basic definitions or background information.
- Do not attempt to provide too much detail – the role of these slides is to support a hypothetical, short presentation.
- It is recommended that the presentation should only make two (2) or three (3) major points.
- You must only use your own words in this presentation. Direct quotes from other sources are not acceptable in this case.
- Any diagrams, graphics or figures must be your own work. You are not to “cut and paste” any material from any other sources.
Submission
All text based assignments must be submitted via MyUni.
Please refer to step by step instructions:
There are a few points to note about the submission of assignments:
- Assignment Submission: Assignments should not be emailed to the instructor; they must be lodged via the MyUni Course site (unless specified to do both). Note that assignments may be processed via TURNITIN, which is an online plagiarism prevention tool.
- Cover Sheet: Please submit, separate to your assignment, the completed 成人大片 Assessment Cover Sheet providing details of yourself and your team members (if applicable), your assignment, the course, date submitted, etc. as well as the declaration signed by you that this is your (your team’s) work. Note that the declaration on any electronically submitted assignment will be deemed to have the same authority as a signed declaration.
- Backup Copy of Assignments: You are advised to keep a copy of your assignments in case the submitted copy goes missing. Please ensure that all assignment pages are numbered. If your assignment contains confidential information, you should discuss any concerns with the Course Lecturer prior to submission.
- Extensions of Time: Any request for an extension of time for the submission of an assignment should be made well before the due date of the assignment to the Course Lecturer. Normally, extensions will only be granted for a maximum of two weeks from the original assignment submission date. Extensions will only be granted in cases of genuine extenuating circumstances and proof, such as a doctor’s certificate, may be required.
- Failure to submit: Failure to submit an assignment on time or by the agreed extension deadline may result in penalties and may incur a fail grade. Note that a late penalty of 5% of the total available marks for that assessment item will be incurred each day an assignment is handed in late (Unless otherwise stated in 'Assessment Related Requirements' or 'Assessment Detail' above). Assignments handed in after 14 days from the due submission date will fail even if a 100% mark is granted for the work.
Resubmission & Remarking
Resubmission of an assignment for remarking after reworking it to obtain a better mark will not normally be accepted. Approval for resubmission will only be granted on medical or compassionate grounds.Course Grading
Grades for your performance in this course will be awarded in accordance with the following scheme:
M10 (Coursework Mark Scheme) Grade Mark Description FNS Fail No Submission F 1-49 Fail P 50-64 Pass C 65-74 Credit D 75-84 Distinction HD 85-100 High Distinction CN Continuing NFE No Formal Examination RP Result Pending Further details of the grades/results can be obtained from Examinations.
Grade Descriptors are available which provide a general guide to the standard of work that is expected at each grade level. More information at Assessment for Coursework Programs.
Final results for this course will be made available through .
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Student Feedback
The University places a high priority on approaches to learning and teaching that enhance the student experience. Feedback is sought from students in a variety of ways including on-going engagement with staff, the use of online discussion boards and the use of Student Experience of Learning and Teaching (SELT) surveys as well as GOS surveys and Program reviews.
SELTs are an important source of information to inform individual teaching practice, decisions about teaching duties, and course and program curriculum design. They enable the University to assess how effectively its learning environments and teaching practices facilitate student engagement and learning outcomes. Under the current SELT Policy (http://www.adelaide.edu.au/policies/101/) course SELTs are mandated and must be conducted at the conclusion of each term/semester/trimester for every course offering. Feedback on issues raised through course SELT surveys is made available to enrolled students through various resources (e.g. MyUni). In addition aggregated course SELT data is available.
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Student Support
- Academic Integrity for Students
- Academic Support with Maths
- Academic Support with writing and study skills
- Careers Services
- Library Services for Students
- LinkedIn Learning
- Student Life Counselling Support - Personal counselling for issues affecting study
- Students with a Disability - Alternative academic arrangements
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Policies & Guidelines
This section contains links to relevant assessment-related policies and guidelines - all university policies.
- Academic Credit Arrangements Policy
- Academic Integrity Policy
- Academic Progress by Coursework Students Policy
- Assessment for Coursework Programs Policy
- Copyright Compliance Policy
- Coursework Academic Programs Policy
- Intellectual Property Policy
- IT Acceptable Use and Security Policy
- Modified Arrangements for Coursework Assessment Policy
- Reasonable Adjustments to Learning, Teaching & Assessment for Students with a Disability Policy
- Student Experience of Learning and Teaching Policy
- Student Grievance Resolution Process
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Fraud Awareness
Students are reminded that in order to maintain the academic integrity of all programs and courses, the university has a zero-tolerance approach to students offering money or significant value goods or services to any staff member who is involved in their teaching or assessment. Students offering lecturers or tutors or professional staff anything more than a small token of appreciation is totally unacceptable, in any circumstances. Staff members are obliged to report all such incidents to their supervisor/manager, who will refer them for action under the university's student鈥檚 disciplinary procedures.
The 成人大片 is committed to regular reviews of the courses and programs it offers to students. The 成人大片 therefore reserves the right to discontinue or vary programs and courses without notice. Please read the important information contained in the disclaimer.