成人大片

Topics:
Overview
Agricultural Policy Models
Europe’s Common Agricultural Policy
Agriculture in Australia

Synopsis:
The first session of the course deals with the importance of agricultural policy and trade for sustainable economic development and examines different models and the evolution of these models over the past several decades.

• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Staff 2009, 'European Union', in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Staff, Agricultural Policies in OECD Countries: Monitoring and Evaluation, Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development, Washington, pp. 116-148.
• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Staff 2009, ‘Australia', in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Staff, Agricultural Policies in OECD Countries: Monitoring and Evaluation, Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development, Washington, pp. 116-148.
• Harris, David, 2004, Agricultural policy reform and industry adjustment: Some recent experiences in Australia

Topics:
The Role of Agricultural Trade in Emerging Economies
Trade Reforms and Poverty Impacts
Food Security and Trade
The Food Crisis and the Rise of State Corporate Farms<p/

Synopsis:
In the second session of the course, we examine in greater detail the role of agricultural development in alleviating rural poverty and contributing to food security in developing countries where rising income levels and rapidly growing populations are changing historical patterns of production, trade and dietary requirements.

• Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 2005, ‘Agricultural Trade and Poverty: Can Trade Work for the Poor? - Introduction and Overview’ in The State of Food and Agriculture 2005, FAO, Rome
• Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 2005, ‘Trade and Food Security’, The State of Food and Agriculture 2005, FAO, Rome
• Anderson K. 2010, Globalization’s effects on world agricultural trade; 1960 – 2050., Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, Vol. 365 No. 1554., pp 3007-3021
• Anderson K, Cockburn J.& Martin W. 2011., Would Freeing Up World Trade Reduce Poverty and Inequality? The Vexed Role of Agricultural Distortions World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5603.

Topics:
Border Restrictions
      Tariffs
      Tariff Rate Quotas
      Safeguards and Special Safeguards
Standards (Marketing Orders)
CODEX Alimentarius & Quarantine
      The Salmon Dispute
Export Restrictions
Export CreSdits and Export Subsidies
State Trading

Synopsis:
Session 3 is focused on the policy instruments deployed by governments to restrict access to their market for agricultural and food products as well as ways in which they operate agricultural policies on export markets. In addition, we examine the relationship between international standards and national policies designed to ensure food safety and plant and animal health.

• Echols, Marsha A. 2001, 'Risks and risk assessment', in Echols, Marsha A., Food safety and the WTO: the interplay of culture, science, and technology, Kluwer Law International, London, pp. 77-91. 
• Hoekman, Bernard & Trachtman, Joel P. 2008, ‘Canada – Wheat : discrimination, non-commercial considerations, and the right to regulate through state trading enterprises’, World Trade Review, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 45-66

Topics:
Food Aid and Agricultural Trade Reform
Case Studies of Developing Countries in Agriculture
      Indonesia
      Malawi

Synopsis:
Session 4 takes a close look at food aid – a complex subject on the global agricultural scene. When is food aid effective at relieving hunger in countries which have a difficult time paying for their imported food needs and when is food aid a disguised subsidy? What could be the best practice for food aid in the early 21st Century? In the second part of the session, we look at agriculture policy development in Indonesia and Fiji in an effort to compare and contrast how agriculture policy interfaces with development.

• Finn, John. 2009, ‘Food Aid: commitments and oversight’, in Andrew Stoler, James Redden and Lee Ann Jackson. (eds),Trade and Poverty Reduction in the Asia-Pacific Region, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 227-251.
• Smith, Hamish & Lee Ann Jackson. 2009, ‘Samoan agricultural policy: graduating from LDC status’, in Andrew Stoler, James Redden and Lee Ann Jackson (eds)., Trade and Poverty Reduction in the Asia-Pacific Region, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 270-286.
• Irhamni, Milda and Chaikal Nuryakin. 2009, ‘The Rice Sector in West Java’, in Andrew Stoler, James Redden and Lee Ann Jackson. (eds), Trade and Poverty Reduction in the Asia-Pacific Region, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 306-324.

Topics:
Drivers and governors of changing food marketing systems
Globalization of high value food chains
The role of consumers: dietary shifts and global food consumption patterns
The Precautionary Principle versus Sound Science
Traceability, Transparency and Assurance (TTA) Systems

Synopsis:
Session 5 will provide an overview of the key drivers of changing food marketing systems, including globalization and changing consumer preferences as well as a discussion of various food policies impacting global food systems. Two general philosophies or approaches used internationally in the regulation of food production and distribution, the ‘Precautionary Principle’ and ‘Sound Science’, are presented. The relationship between food system changes and differences in food policies across countries has led to the need for traceability, transparency and assurance systems (TTA). The role and economic implications of TTA systems in food trade will be discussed.

• Anderson, Kym 2010, ‘Globalization's effects on world agricultural trade, 1960-2050’, Philosophical Transactions. Biological Sciences, vol. 365, no. 1554, pp. 3007-3021.
• Godfray, H. Charles J., Crute, Ian R., Haddad, Lawrence, Lawrence, David, Muir, James F., Nisbett, Nicholas & et al. 2010, ‘The future of the global food system’, Philosophical Transactions. Biological Sciences, vol. 365, no. 1554, pp. 2769-2777.
• Henson, Spencer & Caswell, Julie 1999, ‘Food safety regulation : an overview of contemporary issues’, Food Policy, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 589–603.
• Pingali, Prabhu 2006, ‘Westernization of Asian diets and the transformation of food systems : implications for research and policy’, Food Policy, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 281–298.
• Hobbs, Jill E. 2006, 'Liability and traceability in agri-food supply chains', in Ondersteijn, Christien J. M., Wijnands, Jo H. M., Huirne, Ruud B. M. & Van Kooten, Olaf (eds.), Quantifying the agri-food supply chain, Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 87-102.
• Loureiro, Maria L. & Umberger, Wendy J. 2007, ‘A choice experiment model for beef: what US consumer responses tell us about relative preferences for food safety, country-of-origin labeling and traceability’, Food Policy, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 496–514.

Topics:
Overview of global food standards
The role of public versus private standards and mandatory versus voluntary
Implications of standards and certification requirements for developing and developed countries: challenges and opportunities
International case studies: the case of Global Gap

Synopsis:
Session 6 takes a look at the increasingly important role that food standards play in global food systems. The number of food standards, both public and private, has increased dramatically in the last decade. These food quality and food safety standards play a central role in regulating agri-food trade. An overview of the various types of food quality and safety standards and certification programs will be provided. The role of public versus private standards will be discussed. Food standards can be both a challenge and an opportunity for agriculture and food producers in developing countries. The impact of various food standards on the competitiveness of developing countries in world trade will be discussed using case studies examining the impact of standards and certifications on agricultural producers and food industries in Asia and Africa.

• Dolan, Catherine & Humphrey, John 2000, Governance and trade in fresh vegetables : the impact of UK supermarkets on the African horticulture industry, Journal of Development Studies, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 147-176.
• Barno A, Ondanje B., and Ngwiri J., 2011, Dynamics of Horticultural Export to European Union Market: Challenges and Opportunities in Sub-Saharan Africa
• Henson, Spencer & Reardon, Thomas 2005, Private agri-food standards : implications for food policy and the agri-food system, Food Policy, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 241–253.
• Henson, Spencer & Jaffee, Steven 2008, Understanding developing country strategic responses to the enhancement of food safety standards, World Economy, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 548–568.
• Henson, Spencer & Humphrey, John 2011, Understanding the complexities of private standards in global agri-food chains as they impact developing countries, Journal of Development Studies, vol. 46, no. 9, pp. 1628-1646.
• Henson, Spencer, Masakure, Oliver & Cranfield, John 2011, Do fresh produce exporters in sub-Saharan Africa benefit from GlobalGAP certification?, World Development, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 375–386.
• Maertens, M. and Swinnen JFM. 2006. 'tandards As Barriers And Catalysts for Trade and Poverty Reduction', Paper presented at the 26th Conference of International Association of Agricultural Economist, Queensland Australia
• United Nations Conference on Trade and Develpment (2007) Challenges and Opportunities Arising from private Standards on Food safety and Environment for Exporters of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables in Asia: Experiences of Malaysia, Thailand and Viet Nam, Geneva: United Nations.

Topics:
Value Chain Thinking / Industry Wide Value Chain Analysis
National Case Study / Chain Mapping Exercise
National and International Case Study Examples
Industry Analysis Exercise

Synopsis:
Session 7 & 8 will make use of case studies to demonstrate value chain analysis techniques across several very different industries and geographical situations. The approach which is described will highlight the development benefit to industries as well as some very practical and commercial benefits to the private sector partners.

• Department for International Development (DFID) and Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC). 2008, ‘3. Components of the M4P Intervention Process’ in The Operational Guide for the Making Markets Work for the Poor (M4P) Approach, DFID & SDC, UK and Switzerland, pp7-70
• Taylor, DH 2005, 'Value chain analysis: an approach to supply chain improvement in agri-food chains', International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, vol. 35, no. 10, pp. 744-761
• Fearne A. 2009, Sustainable Food and Wine Value Chains (final report), Government of South Australia, Adelaide.
• FAO, 2010 Agriculture for Growth: learning from experience in the Pacific: Summary results of five country studies in Fiji, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu, FAO, Rome.

Topics:
Practical approaches to exporting food and beverages in Asia and the Middle East
Developing in-market entry platforms for Australian exports
Creating new value chain models to access retail and food service markets
Export management (creating demand pull and supply push)
The Singapore Pavilions

Synopsis:
Using Asia and the Middle East as the basis for examination of case studies, session 9 & 10 will look at the rapidly changing role of supermarkets in the developing world, how Australian exporters of high value food products have been able to successfully access these markets and the impact of changing patterns of consumption as income levels rise in the developing world.

• Beinhocker E.D., Farrell D. & Zainulbhai A.S. 2007.,’Tracking the growth of India’s Middle Class’, in The McKinsey Quarterly., Number 3, pp 51 --61
• Ernst & Young. 2006.,The Great Indian Retail Story, Ernst & Young, India
• Reardon T & Gulati A. 2008.,’The Rise of Supermarkets and their Development Implications: International Experience Relevant for India’: IFPRI Discussion Paper 00752, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington
• Rabobank. 2007., Strengthening the India-Australia Corridor in Select Food and Agribusiness Sectors

Topics:
Review and Discussion of Main Course Themes
Project Options & Assessment Implications

TBC - Typically approx
3-4 weeks after the last day of class